NUR 641E Topic 8: Endocrine System

Apr 21-27, 2022

Max Points:180

Objectives:

Describe normal pathophysiology and alterations of the endocrine system.
Integrate knowledge of pathophysiology and pharmacology into teaching and educational materials in diverse settings.
Describe a pharmacological intervention using an evidence-based treatment guideline.

Topic 8 DQ 1

Apr 21-23, 2022

Choose a medical condition from the endocrine system and explain the pathophysiology changes that may occur. What patient education would need to be included related to this disorder? Make sure that you select a different medical condition than your peers. Include the name of the medical condition in the subject line so that the medical condition can be followed. Include your references in APA style.

REPLY TO DISCUSSION

Nicole

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Replies to Nicole

GOITER

The thyroid gland is positioned at the base of the neck, and a goiter is an abnormal enlargement of it. The thyroid may enlarge or have uneven cell proliferation, which may result in lumps or nodules. Changes in thyroid hormones may cause goiter, or there may be no change at all. Lack of iodine in a person’s diet is one of the common causes of goiter. An individual may display signs of hyperthyroidism or hyperthyroidism depending on the source of the goiter. Signs and symptoms of obstructive goiter include snoring, hoarseness, coughing, and difficulty swallowing.Treatment of goiter varies on the cause, treating the symptoms and complications. It is important to educate patients with goiter on the cause of their goiter; adequate iodine intake; annual physical exams and neck exams; annual blood work. For patients on medical treatment for goiter, it is important to reinforce the importance of taking prescribed medications as ordered. NUR 641E Topic 8: Endocrine System

Reference

Can AS, Rehman A. Goiter. [Updated 2021 Aug 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562161/

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Topic 8 DQ 2

Apr 21-25, 2022

Select a medication used in evidence-based treatment guidelines for the condition chosen in the first discussion question. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions of which one should be aware. Make sure that you select a different medication than your peers. Include the name of the medication in the subject line so that the medications can be followed. Include your references in APA style.

REPLY TO DISCUSSION

Cristina

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Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Graves’ disease, toxic goiter, and hyperthyroidism (abnormal thyroid activity) are all conditions that are treated with propylthiouracil (enlarged thyroid). On occasion, it is also used to treat symptoms before radioactive iodine therapy or thyroid surgery.

Mechanism of action

Propylthiouracil suppresses thyroid hormone synthesis. It works by blocking thyroid peroxidase, which normally converts iodide to iodine and integrates it into tyrosine (Amisha & Rehman, 2021). The primary components of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are not formed (T3). It inhibits T4 to T3 conversion peripherally. It affects thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland or in the blood.

Hints of monitoring

Thyroid function tests should be monitored while on PTU treatment. Patients using warfarin must also have their prothrombin time monitored. PTU treatment includes patient education and counseling. The patient should be advised: Notify your doctor if you become pregnant or plan to become pregnant while taking the medicine. Report any fever, drug eruptions, or infection to your doctor. Notify your doctor if you have nausea, right upper quadrant discomfort, or jaundice. Agranulocytosis symptoms include sore throat, fever, chills, gum or skin infections (Amisha & Rehman, 2021). Severe hypotension is another symptom. NUR 641E Topic 8: Endocrine System

Side effects

Symptoms of an allergic reaction (hives, breathing issues, face or throat swelling) (fever, sore throat, burning eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash with blistering and peeling). The liver is harmed by propylthiouracil (especially during the first 6 months of treatment). Stop using propylthiouracil and tell your doctor if you have nausea, vomiting, upper stomach discomfort, itching, lethargy, lack of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Drug Interactions

Digoxin (digitalis); theophylline; heart or blood pressure medicine; or a blood thinner—warfarin, Coumadin, Jantoven—all have drug interactions with Propylthiouracil.

References

Amisha, F., & Rehman, A. (2021, July 11). Propylthiouracil (PTU) – StatPearls – NCBI bookshelf. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549828/

Cerner Multum. (2021, June 11). Propylthiouracil. Drugs.com. https://www.drugs.com/mtm/propylthiouracil.html

NUR 641E Topic 8: Endocrine System